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Italy
Italy is a European Union member state whose data protection authority, the Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, has been among the most aggressive regulators of generative AI. In 2023 it temporarily ordered OpenAI's ChatGPT offline in the country over privacy concerns, and it has since opened inquiries into other AI providers. Italy also enacted a national AI law in 2025 that sits alongside the EU AI Act, so companies operating there face both EU-wide obligations and additional domestic rules.
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