Unicode

Unicode is an international character encoding standard that assigns unique numerical codes to letters, symbols, and characters across all the world's writing systems. For AI governance, Unicode matters because language models and NLP systems must properly handle multilingual content without introducing bias or data corruption. Compliance frameworks increasingly require organizations to document how AI systems process non-English text, making Unicode standardization critical for fairness audits and content moderation across global operations.

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ResearchGlobal2026-09-04

ASCII Smuggling Bridges Email Phishing and AI Prompt Injection at Scale

Microsoft researchers documented a phishing campaign exceeding 2.37 million messages that repurposed ASCII smuggling, a technique originally associated with AI prompt injection, to evade email content filters using invisible Unicode characters. The campaign targeted financial keywords and ran from late February through mid-June 2026 across roughly 150 disposable domains. Microsoft's recommended defense, stripping invisible Unicode before content evaluation, applies equally to email filters and AI assistant input pipelines.

Microsoft prompt injection ASCII smuggling phishing Unicode AI security email security financial services